Document Type : Original research articles
Authors
1
Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Home Economics, Menoufia University, Shibin El Kom, Egypt
2
Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin El Kom, Egypt
3
Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Home Economics, Menofia Unversity, Shibin El Kom, Egypt
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common hereditary intellectual disability. This study aimed to determine the adequacy of nutrient intakes and DS children's most common food habits. This case-control study recruited 126 children aged 6 to 12 (42 with DS and 84 non-DS) from Menoufia and Gharbia governorates. Data about socioeconomic status and health history were collected. BMI was calculated using body weight and height measurements. Diet and eating habits were also investigated, and 24-hour food recalls for three days were used to determine nutrient intake. Results revealed that most of the studied children were from rural areas; most non-DS mothers had university degrees, while most DS mothers' children were illiterate. Obesity was found among 85.7% of DS and 28.6% of non-DS children. Cholesterol and LDLc levels were comparable in both groups. The IQs of non-DS exceeded 98, while those of DS fell below 52. Children with DS prefer fatty meats and chicken with skin over tea and spicy foods. Non-DS and DS groups met less than 80%, 70%, 90%, 20%, 60%, and 60% of caloric, carbohydrate, fat, fiber, calcium, and vitamin A requirements, respectively. The deficiency was prevalent in DS children. In conclusion, none of the DS children had a healthy weight and may have dyslipidemia. IQ scores of DS were in the middle of those of non-DS children. Children with DS ate more meals and preferred fatty meats and chicken with skin. Both groups' essential nutrients were deficient, but DS children were more likely to be affected.
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