Phyto-extracts applied in beef meatballs ameliorates alterations in free radical defense mechanisms in alloxan-induced diabetes in rats

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Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the world’s most common chronic diseases as changing life styles lead to reduced physical activity and increased obesity. Many stratigies to improve diabetic complecations have been proposed, because early treatment and prevention play a pivotal role in reducing the population burden of diabetes. The present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of three phyto methanolic extracts coming from prickly pear peel (PPP), red onion skin (ROS) and potato peel (PP) and blending in beef meatballs in modulating hyperglycemia using alloxane-induced diabetic rats. The selected phyto extract showed high antioxidant activity ranged 70.62 to 89.78 % and rich in different bioactive compounds including phenolics and carotenoids. Treatment of animals with aloxane caused a significant increased (p < /em>≤0.05) in serum glucose concentration by the ratio 118.09% compared to normal controls. Supplementation of the rat diets with meatballs (20%) decreased the value which recorded 93.63%. The decreasing rate was elevated with the blending of the meatballs with 0.25% w/w by PPP, ROS and PP and their mixture which recorded 61.59, 41.28, 52.10 and 37.15%, respectively. The same behavior was recorded for thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and nitrogen reactive oxides (NO2 and NO3) levels in plasma, the biomarkers of oxidative stress.  On the same time, improving in the antioxidant enzymatic and nonenzymatic defense systems in both serum and RBC's were recorded. In conclusion, the tested phyto extractsameliorates the alterations in free radical defense mechanisms of diabetic rats through the high antioxidant activities as the result of high levels of many bioactive compounds found in such extracts. Also, these findings provide a basis for the use of phyto extracts for the prevention and/or treatment of type-2 Diabetes mellitus.

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