Study of Chemical, Nutritional and Therapeutic Biological Effects of Garden Cress seeds (LepidiumSativum) on Experimental Rats

The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of LepidiumSativum powder (LSP) at concentration 2.5%, 5% and 10% in diet on CCL4-induced hepatotoxicity rats, gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity rats and knowledge the organoleptic evaluation for bread and apple juice when supplement it.Forty-five adult male healthy albino rats (Sprague-Dawley strain)were divided into(9)groups.Weight of rats for all groups was nearly equal and each group contains 5 rats. Group(1)control negative group in which normal rats were fed on basal diet and tap water. Group (2) hepatic control positive group in which hepatotoxicity rats which were injected by CCL4 were fed on basal diet and tap water. Group(3),(4)and(5)hepatic rats were fed on basal diet containing 2.5%, 5% and 10% LSP respectively. Group(6)nephritic control positive group in which nephrotoxicity rats which were injected by gentamicin were fed on basal diet and tap water. Group(7),(8)and(9)nephritic rats were fed on basal diet containing 2.5%, 5% and 10% LSP respectively. At the end of period of the experiment 28 day, rats were fasted 12 hours of diet and 2 hours of water, blood samples were collected from the retro orbital method by means of a micro capillary glass todetermine biochemical parameters as follows: aspartate aminotransaminase(AST or GOT),alanine aminotransferase (ALT or GPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), AST/ALT ratio,gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), total protein (Tp), albumin (Alb), globulin (Glo), Alb /Glo ratio, total bilirubin (T.Bil), direct bilirubin(D.Bil), indirect bilirubin (Ind.Bil), urea, uric acid, creatinine, sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) ,glutathione S-transferases (GSTs),total antioxidant capacity (TAC) ,malondialdehyde (MDA),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(VLDL-c), atherogenic index (AI), HDL-c/TC ratio and glucose. Biological parameters body weightgain(BWG%),feed intake(FI) ,feed efficiency ratio(FER)and internal organs were calculated at the end of experiment. Liver and kidney of all animals were carefully surgically removed to histopathological examination. The results were obtained from all hepatic and nephritic LSP treated groups revealed dramatically decreased in level of AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, urea, uric acid, creatinine, Glo, T.Bil, D.Bil, Ind.Bil, MDA, LDL-c, VLDL-c, AI and glucose, beside greatly increasing in levels of BWG, FI, FER, Tp, Alb, GPX, SOD, CAT, GSTs, TAC, HDL-c and HDL-c/TC ratio. Regarding levels of K and P decreased while levels of Na and Ca increased in nephritic LSP treated groups. Markedly improvement was appeared in histologically examination of liver and kidney in all hepatic and nephritic LSP treated groups. The best results in all LSP treated groups of hepatic, nephritic, bread and apple juice were recorded in10% LSP.
Conclusion:-This study proved that LepidiumSativum has great effectiveness in treating liver and kidney diseases and protecting against complications associated with them also it contains many phytochemical compounds that play an important and effective role in metabolic processes and performance important biological functions during the life cycle.